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PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER

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  BREAST CANCER is a malignant tumour with potential to invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body. It occurs in males and females but mor common in females RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER: 1)  HORMONAL AND REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS: a) Age at menarche: early menarche is a risk factor for breast cancer. Ob) Parity :  nulliparous women have higher risk of breast cancer up to 2fold compared to Paros women. c) age at full term pregnancy: women aged 30years or more at their full term pregnancy have short termed increased risk of breast cancer. d)breast feeding:women who have not breast fed their child are at higher risk of breast cancer. e)age at menopause: later age at menopause (more than 55years of age poses higher risk of breast cancers. d)   Endogenous  hormones: in post menopausal women,who have high levels of both progesterone and oestrogen have double the risk of breast cancer as compared to those with lower levels. e)  Use of oral contracepti...
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STRESS AND BREAST HEALTH

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 Is there any relation between stress levels and breast health? Sadly the answer is a big YES….. Lets discuss  Chronic exposure to stress has been linked to negative changes of body homeostasis. Stress is imminent risk factor with documented negative impact on neuroendocrine and immune system.Negative emotions and their impacts have greatly influenced the incidence of breast diseases also increased risk of breast cancer. Young women who have endured traumatic life events have an increased breast cancer risk. Research shows that Stress makes your body more hospitable to cancer STRESS can cause extreme breast pain. NONCYCLICAL Breast Pain may be continuous or skipping type. It can affect women before and after menopause. And can be unilateral or bilateral. Individuals experience nipple erection when under stress, anxiety and fright. Even cyclical breast pain can change its pattern with the hormonal changes that happen due to stress.From biological standpoint,increased stress lev...
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BREAST PAIN (MASTALGIA)

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 WHAT IS MASTALGIA? MASTALGIA is breast pain. There are 2types of Breast Pain: Cyclical breast pain  Non cyclical breast pain Pain ranges from discomfort to severely disabling pain in some cases. WHAT IS CYCLICAL BREAST PAIN? It is linked to menstrual cycle. Always hormonal Pain continues till start of menstrual cycle and the gradual disappearance. Pain may be on both breasts or single breast and may radiate to the underlying CAUSES OF CYCLICAL BREAST PAIN: Due to less progesterone than oestrogen in second half of the cycle. Abnormality in hormone  Prolactin may affect breast pain. Stress can also affect hormonal levels and can cause breast pain. NONCYCLICAL BREASTPAIN This type of breast pain fairly uncommon and not related to menstrual cycle ,present all the time and specific to only one location. Causes of noncyclical pain  Breast trauma, injury Arthritic pain in chest cavity and neck which can radiate to the breast Costichindritis(inflammation of costal cartilage...
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NIPPLE DISCHARGE

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 Nipple discharge is release of fluid from breast nipple.It can be with or without squeezing of the breast. The nipple discharge may look milky,green,brown,bloody or clear depending on the underlying pathology causing the discharge.     The consistency may be thick, sticky, thin or watery.                       Questions that arise in our minds when nipple discharge happens-  1)is it normal to have nipple discharge? 2)is it good to squeeze out the fluid? 3)How do I stop the nipple discharge? 4)What is the cause of the nipple discharge? 5)Is it a sign of breast cancer? 6)when to see a doctor? So let’s do an overview of NORMAL NIPPLE DISCHARGE  Nipple discharge is physiologically and completely normal.It is normal to have clear,milky,or even discharge during the reproductive period of a woman’s life span.But there are times when nipple discharge can be a sign of breast cancer or any abnormality.Signs of n...
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